Functional cells differentiated from senescent stem cells are likewise senescent functional cells. Bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into a diverse range of cell types that replenish the body, including various immune cells of the immune system, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, endothelial cells and pericytes forming the blood-brain barrier, microglia and astrocytes that act as scavengers in the brain, as well as endothelial cells of meningeal lymphatic vessels. Accordingly, senescence of bone marrow stem cells may constitute a primary driver of age-associated disorders such as malignancies, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.